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Which states don't tax Social Security benefits?

State & Local Taxesbeginner3 answers · 5 min readUpdated February 28, 2026

Quick Answer

41 states plus D.C. don't tax Social Security benefits at all. Only 9 states tax Social Security: Colorado, Connecticut, Minnesota, Montana, New Mexico, Rhode Island, Utah, Vermont, and West Virginia. This can save retirees $1,000-4,000+ annually depending on their benefit amount and state tax rates.

Best Answer

SC

Sarah Chen, Payroll Tax Analyst

Best for anyone planning retirement or currently receiving Social Security benefits

Top Answer

Complete list of states that don't tax Social Security


Good news: 41 states plus Washington D.C. completely exempt Social Security benefits from state income tax. This means if you receive $30,000 annually in Social Security benefits, you pay zero state tax on that income in these states.


States with NO state tax on Social Security:

Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming, plus Washington D.C.


The 9 states that DO tax Social Security


Only 9 states impose their own tax on Social Security benefits:

  • Colorado: Partial exemption for taxpayers 65+ (up to $20,000 exempt)
  • Connecticut: Full taxation, but phases out for lower incomes
  • Minnesota: Partial taxation based on income thresholds
  • Montana: Full taxation follows federal rules
  • New Mexico: Partial exemption for taxpayers 65+
  • Rhode Island: Full taxation follows federal rules
  • Utah: Full taxation with credit for lower-income taxpayers
  • Vermont: Full taxation follows federal rules
  • West Virginia: Partial taxation based on income

  • Example: How much this costs in taxable states


    Let's say you receive $25,000 annually in Social Security benefits and have $15,000 in other retirement income ($40,000 total).


    In a non-taxing state (like Florida):

  • State tax on Social Security: $0
  • Federal tax on Social Security: ~$1,275 (15% of $8,500 taxable portion)
  • Total tax on benefits: $1,275

  • In a taxing state (like Vermont, 5.35% rate):

  • State tax on Social Security: ~$455 (5.35% of $8,500 taxable portion)
  • Federal tax on Social Security: ~$1,275
  • Total tax on benefits: $1,730
  • Extra cost: $455/year

  • For someone with $35,000 in Social Security benefits, the difference could be $800-1,500+ annually depending on the state's tax rate.


    Key factors affecting your state tax bill


  • Your total income: States that tax Social Security often use the same federal formula (combined income over $25,000 single/$32,000 married makes 50-85% of benefits taxable)
  • State tax rates: Range from 3-13% in taxing states
  • Age-based exemptions: Some states offer partial relief for seniors
  • Income thresholds: Several states exempt lower-income retirees

  • What you should do


    If you're planning retirement, factor state Social Security taxation into your location decision. Use our paycheck calculator to estimate your total tax burden in different states, including Social Security taxation.


    Key takeaway: Moving from a Social Security-taxing state to a non-taxing state can save $500-2,000+ annually for typical retirees, making it a significant factor in retirement planning.

    *Sources: [IRS Publication 915](https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p915.pdf) - Social Security and Equivalent Railroad Retirement Benefits*

    Key Takeaway: 41 states don't tax Social Security at all, while 9 states do tax benefits, potentially costing retirees $500-2,000+ annually depending on benefit amount and state tax rates.

    State-by-state Social Security taxation overview

    Tax StatusNumber of StatesExamplesPotential Annual Savings*
    No tax on Social Security41 + D.C.Florida, Texas, California$0 extra tax
    Partial taxation4Colorado, New Mexico$200-800
    Full taxation5Vermont, Connecticut$500-2,000+

    More Perspectives

    SC

    Sarah Chen, Payroll Tax Analyst

    Best for those with substantial retirement income beyond Social Security

    Why state Social Security taxation matters more for higher earners


    If you expect substantial retirement income beyond Social Security, state taxation becomes more significant. With high combined income, up to 85% of your Social Security benefits become federally taxable, and states that tax Social Security will take their cut too.


    Example scenario: $45,000 Social Security + $60,000 other retirement income = $105,000 total

  • 85% of Social Security ($38,250) becomes taxable
  • In Vermont (6.8% top rate): Extra ~$2,600/year in state taxes
  • In Connecticut (6.99% top rate): Extra ~$2,675/year in state taxes

  • Strategic considerations


    Beyond Social Security taxation, consider the full tax picture:

  • Overall state income tax rates on your pension/401k withdrawals
  • Property tax rates (often higher in no-income-tax states)
  • Sales tax rates and what's exempt
  • Estate tax thresholds if you have significant assets

  • Some traditionally "tax-friendly" states like New Hampshire have no income tax but very high property taxes that could offset Social Security savings.


    Key takeaway: For high-income retirees, state Social Security taxation is just one piece of the puzzle—analyze total tax burden including income, property, and sales taxes before relocating.

    Key Takeaway: High-income retirees facing 85% taxability should consider total state tax burden, not just Social Security taxation, as property and sales taxes can offset income tax savings.

    SC

    Sarah Chen, Payroll Tax Analyst

    Best for location-independent workers who can choose their retirement state

    Location flexibility advantage


    As a remote worker, you have unique flexibility to establish residency in any state before claiming Social Security. This gives you time to optimize your tax situation years in advance.


    Top tax-efficient states for remote workers transitioning to retirement:

  • Florida: No state income tax, no Social Security tax, moderate property taxes
  • Texas: No state income tax, no Social Security tax, but higher property taxes
  • Tennessee: No tax on wages or Social Security, but 6% tax on investment income
  • Nevada: No state income tax, no Social Security tax, growing retiree communities

  • Timing your move strategically


    Consider establishing residency 1-2 years before claiming Social Security to:

  • Clearly establish domicile in the new state
  • Avoid state tax disputes over residency
  • Test out the location before committing long-term
  • Build local connections and healthcare relationships

  • Residency requirements vary by state but typically include:

  • Physical presence for 183+ days/year
  • Driver's license and voter registration
  • Primary residence (homestead exemption)
  • Local bank accounts and service providers

  • Key takeaway: Remote workers have a 5-10 year window to strategically relocate before Social Security, potentially saving thousands annually while testing retirement locations.

    Key Takeaway: Remote workers can strategically establish residency in Social Security-friendly states years before retirement, combining location testing with long-term tax savings.

    Sources

    social securitystate taxesretirement planningtax free states

    Reviewed by Sarah Chen, Payroll Tax Analyst on February 28, 2026

    This content is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional tax advice. Consult a qualified tax professional for advice specific to your situation.